
Diving into Debate
Debate is more than just speaking — it's about strategy, structure, critical thinking, and learning how to advocate with clarity and purpose. Whether you are brand new or a returning competitor, this page is your launchpad for mastering the fundamentals of strong argumentation.
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Debate challenges individuals or teams of students to persuasively argue for and against a topic. A debater’s goal is to convince a judge that, as a general principle, their side of the topic is more valid. Through extensive research and preparation, students in debate develop a deep understanding of complex topics, honing their ability to think critically and analyze important issues from multiple perspectives.
Here, you’ll find resources to help you build core debate skills: crafting arguments, flowing rounds, writing cases, cross-examination tips, and more. These tools apply across all debate formats — from your first novice round to varsity finals.
HOW DO I KNOW WHICH EVENT TO CHOOSE?
Choosing the right debate event means thinking about how you like to argue, learn, and collaborate. Each format has a unique style — find the one that matches your energy and interests!
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Do I like working with a partner and diving deep into research and strategy?
→ Try Policy Debate
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Do I prefer debating solo and exploring big ideas about morality and justice?
→ Try Lincoln-Douglas Debate
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Do I enjoy current events and want to argue in a way that persuades regular people, not just judges?
→ Try Public Forum Debate
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Do I like group discussions and want to sound like a real-world policymaker?
→ Try Congressional Debate
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Still unsure? That’s okay — the best way to find your fit is to try a round or two and see what excites you. Every event teaches you how to think, speak, and lead in powerful new ways.
DEBATE SKILLS ROADMAP
Debate is like a sport for your mind! Whether you’re tackling Policy, Lincoln-Douglas, Public Forum, or Congress, the core skills you’ll learn here will help you become a critical thinker, persuasive speaker, and sharp questioner.
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SKILL #1: Introduction to Argument Structure
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Learn the essentials: Claim, Warrant, Impact
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Practice with moral dilemmas (e.g., Trolley Problem, Castaway Dilemma)
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Flowing: Learn how to take organized notes during debates
SKILL #2: Case Writing
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Framing arguments (Why does this debate matter?)
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Building cases with evidence (a.k.a. cutting “cards”)
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Connecting arguments back to the framing
SKILL #3: Line-by-Line & Refutation
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Defensive arguments (“They’re wrong”)
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Offensive arguments (Turns: link turns and impact turns)
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Learning how to listen, flow, and respond effectively
SKILL #4: Extensions
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Reminding judges why your argument matters
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Linking your argument back to the framing
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Strengthening your position
SKILL #5: Crystallization & Weighing
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Synthesize complex debates into clear “big issues”
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Learn the six steps of crystallization
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Weigh your winning arguments against the opponent’s
SKILL #6: Cross-Examination
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Master the art of asking questions that expose flaws
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Practice drills to improve questioning skills
SKILL #7: Advanced Strategies
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Counterplans, Disadvantages, and Kritiques (for advanced debaters)
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Understanding theoretical objections and debate theory
SKILL #8: Tournament Preparation
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Dress code, etiquette, and how to stay focused
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Scouting strategies and “always be prepping” mindset